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  • VPS虚拟化架构OpenVZ、KVM、Xen、Hyper-V的区别

    发布于 2024-02-11  5472 次阅读


    1、OpenVZ

    OpenVZ(简称OVZ)采用SWsoft的Virutozzo虚拟化服务器软件产品的内核,是基于Linux平台的操作系统级服务器虚拟化架构。这个架构直接调用宿主机(俗称:母机)中的内核,模拟生成出子服务器(俗称:VPS,小机),所以,它经过虚拟化后相对于母服务器,性能损失大概只有的1-3%。
    当然OpenVZ可以超售,意思味着一台服务器总共16G内存,他可以开出配置为1G内存×17台或以上的子服务器。因为他的虚拟架构关系属于:不是你分配给客户多少资源,就扣除宿主机多少资源;而是客户用多少资源,就扣除宿主机多少资源,所以OpenVZ架构的VPS较为便宜。但由于存在超售因素,如果服务商毫无休止的超售会导致服务器的性能急剧下降。
    OpenVZ另一个特点是,它是直接调用宿主机的内核,所以会导致部分软件无法使用,以及部分内核文件是无法修改。

    2、KVM

    KVM是Linux下的全功能虚拟化架构,基于KVM架构的VPS,默认是没有系统的,可自己上传ISO或调用服务商自带的ISO手动安装系统或使用服务商提供的官方的KVM模板。这个非常适合热爱DIY自己VPS的客户。
    由于KVM架构全功能虚拟化架构,甚至拥有独立的BIOS控制,所以对宿主机性能影响较大,所以基于KVM的VPS较贵,但KVM VPS相对其它架构的VPS较为自由。

    3.Xen

    Xen 由剑桥大学开发,它是基于硬件的完全分割,物理上有多少的资源就只能分配多少资源,因此很难超售。可分为Xen-PV(半虚拟化),和Xen-HVM(全虚拟化)。
    Xen是不能超售的,当宿主机只有16G内存以及100G硬盘时,当开Xen架构(任意一个虚拟化)的1G内存、25G硬盘的子机时,会直接占用宿主机1G内存,以及25G硬盘,所以Xen的性能,相比OpenVZ在超售的情况下要好。
    Xen-PV:半虚拟化,所以它仅仅适用于linux系列VPS,但它的性能损失比较少,大概相对于宿主机的4%-8%左右。
    Xen-HVM:全虚拟化,可以安装Windows或自由挂载ISO文件安装任意系统,由于是全虚拟化,所以性能损失较大,大概相对于宿主机性能损失8%-20%左右。

    4.Hyper-V

    Hyper-V是微软的一款虚拟化产品,大部分国内的VPS服务商使用这个架构(包括标准互联?),主要是因为其转为Windows定制,管理起来较为方便。目前的Hyper-V也支持Linux,只不过性能损失比较严重。
    Hyper-V完美支持Windows系统,包括32位和64位。如果大家选购Hyper-V架构的VPS,强烈建议使用Windows。
    Hyper-V目前不能超售内存,但可超售硬盘,硬盘是根据客户使用情况扣除。一般来说,宿主机的硬盘不会100%用完,这点不用担心。

    总结:

    总的来说,Xen和Hyper-V见的比较少,对于OpenVZ、KVM推荐选择KVM虚拟化

     

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